Written by
John Spencer
John Spencer is the founder of Compare Expat Plans, where he focuses on helping people compare health plans for life abroad. He emphasizes clear information, neutral analysis, and practical decision support.
Overview
Canada no longer offers a traditional passive investor visa—the Federal Investor Immigration Programme was closed in 2014 and the Quebec Immigrant Investor Program has been suspended since 2019. However, Canada remains highly attractive for entrepreneurs through the Start-Up Visa Program and various Provincial Nominee Program (PNP) entrepreneur streams.
Unlike passive investment programs in Europe, Canada's entrepreneur pathways require active business involvement. The Start-Up Visa is unique: it leads directly to permanent residence even before your business succeeds, provided you secure support from a designated venture capital fund, angel investor group, or business incubator.
Key Facts: Canada Entrepreneur Immigration
- • Federal Investor Programme: CLOSED since 2014
- • Start-Up Visa: Leads directly to permanent residence
- • Investment requirement: Designated org support (CAD 75,000-200,000+ commitment)
- • Language requirement: CLB 5 in English or French
- • Processing time: 12-36 months for Start-Up Visa
- • Provincial options: BC, Ontario, Quebec, Alberta entrepreneur streams
- • Healthcare: Provincial coverage after 3-month waiting period
- • Path to citizenship: 3 years of physical presence after PR
Important clarification: Canada does not have a "Golden Visa" or passive investment immigration program. The Start-Up Visa requires an innovative business idea and active involvement. If you're looking for a hands-off investment-based residence program, consider Portugal, Spain, or Greece instead. Canada is for entrepreneurs who want to build businesses.
Available Pathways
| Pathway | Investment/Requirement | Outcome |
|---|---|---|
| Start-Up Visa Program | Support from designated organization | Direct permanent residence |
| Quebec Entrepreneur | CAD 600,000 net worth, CAD 100,000+ deposit | Work permit, then PR |
| Ontario Entrepreneur | CAD 600,000-800,000 net worth, CAD 200,000-600,000 investment | Work permit, then PR |
| BC Entrepreneur | CAD 600,000 net worth, CAD 200,000 investment | Work permit, then PR |
| Owner-Operator LMIA | Buy/start Canadian business | Work permit, then PR |
Why Choose Canada?
Advantages
- • Direct path to permanent residence (Start-Up Visa)
- • World-class innovation ecosystem
- • Access to US market proximity
- • Universal healthcare after waiting period
- • Fast citizenship (3 years after PR)
- • Multicultural society, easy integration
- • Strong economy and stable government
- • Include spouse and dependent children
Considerations
- • No passive investment option
- • Must secure designated organization support
- • Long processing times (12-36 months)
- • 3-month healthcare waiting period
- • Cold winters in most regions
- • High cost of living (Toronto, Vancouver)
- • Language test required (English or French)
- • Competitive—innovative idea needed
Quick Decision Guide
Canada's Start-Up Visa is Right For You If:
- ✓ You have an innovative, scalable business idea
- ✓ You want direct permanent residence (not work permit first)
- ✓ You can secure designated organization support
- ✓ You have CLB 5+ English or French skills
- ✓ You want access to North American markets
- ✓ You value universal healthcare and stability
- ✓ You can handle 12-36 month processing time
- ✓ You want fast citizenship (3 years after PR)
Consider Other Options If:
- • You want passive investment immigration
- • You don't have a strong business concept
- • You can't meet language requirements
- • You need faster processing (weeks not months)
- • You prefer warm climate year-round
- • You want minimal physical presence requirements
- • You prefer European market access
- • You want to maintain existing business elsewhere
Comparing Canada to Other Entrepreneur Options
| Country | Program Type | Investment | Path to Citizenship |
|---|---|---|---|
| Canada | Active entrepreneur | VC/Angel support | 3 years (after PR) |
| USA (EB-5) | Passive investment | $800,000-1,050,000 | 5+ years |
| UK Innovator | Active entrepreneur | £50,000+ | 5 years |
| Spain Golden | Passive investment | €500,000 | 10 years |
Why Canada stands out: Canada offers the fastest path to citizenship among major immigration destinations (3 years vs. 5-10 years elsewhere). The Start-Up Visa grants permanent residence immediately—you don't need to succeed first. Combined with universal healthcare, stable economy, and multicultural society, Canada is exceptional for entrepreneurs committed to building their future here.
Visa Requirements
Canada offers several pathways for entrepreneurs. The federal Start-Up Visa Program is the most attractive as it leads directly to permanent residence. Provincial Nominee Programs offer alternatives with varying requirements.
Start-Up Visa Program (Federal)
The Start-Up Visa is Canada's flagship entrepreneur immigration program. Unlike traditional investor visas, it doesn't require a specific investment amount from you—instead, you must convince a designated Canadian organization to support your innovative business idea.
| Designated Organization Type | Minimum Investment | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Venture Capital Fund | CAD 200,000 | Must be committed to your start-up; most competitive |
| Angel Investor Group | CAD 75,000 | From a designated angel investor group |
| Business Incubator | No set minimum | Must be accepted into incubator program |
Start-Up Visa Requirements
- Qualifying business: Must be innovative, scalable, and globally competitive
- Designated organization support: Letter of Support from approved VC, angel group, or incubator
- Language proficiency: Minimum CLB 5 in English or French (speaking, listening, reading, writing)
- Settlement funds: Sufficient funds to settle in Canada (not invested in business)
- Ownership: Hold 10%+ voting rights; you + designated org must hold 50%+ combined
- Admissibility: Pass medical, security, and criminal checks
Key advantage: Your permanent residence is not conditional on business success. Once approved, you're a permanent resident regardless of whether your start-up thrives or fails. This makes Canada's Start-Up Visa uniquely low-risk compared to entrepreneur visas elsewhere.
Provincial Nominee Programs (PNP)
Each Canadian province operates its own entrepreneur immigration stream with different requirements. These typically involve work permits before permanent residence.
British Columbia Entrepreneur Immigration
Minimum CAD 600,000 net worth, CAD 200,000 investment, create 1+ job. Lower threshold in regional areas (CAD 100,000 investment). Work permit issued first, then nomination after meeting business requirements.
Ontario Entrepreneur Stream
CAD 600,000 net worth (GTA) or CAD 400,000 (outside GTA). Investment of CAD 600,000 (GTA) or CAD 200,000 (outside). Must create 2 permanent jobs. IT sector stream has different requirements.
Quebec Entrepreneur Program
Minimum CAD 600,000 net worth for main stream. Must deposit CAD 200,000 with Investissement Quebec. Unique process through Quebec immigration system. French language skills advantageous.
Alberta Entrepreneur Stream
Recently reopened with updated criteria. Minimum CAD 500,000 net worth, CAD 200,000 investment (CAD 100,000 in rural areas). Business visit and Expression of Interest required.
Owner-Operator LMIA Pathway
If you want to buy or start a business in Canada without going through Start-Up Visa or PNP, you can apply for a work permit under the Owner-Operator LMIA stream. This involves:
- Establishing or purchasing a Canadian business
- Obtaining an LMIA (Labour Market Impact Assessment) for yourself as owner-operator
- Receiving a work permit based on the LMIA
- After operating successfully, applying for PR through Express Entry or PNP
Note: The Owner-Operator pathway is more complex and doesn't guarantee permanent residence. It's best suited for those who want to operate an established business type (franchise, acquisition) rather than launch an innovative start-up.
Insurance Requirements
Private Insurance Required During Waiting Period
Canada's provincial healthcare systems have a waiting period—typically 3 months—before new residents become eligible. During this time, you must have private health insurance. This is essential, not optional: healthcare costs in Canada can be substantial without coverage.
Unlike countries where private insurance is a visa requirement, Canada doesn't mandate specific coverage for immigration purposes. However, going without insurance during the waiting period is risky: a hospital stay can cost thousands of dollars per day.
| Coverage Feature | Requirement | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Coverage Period | Until provincial healthcare begins | 3-month waiting period in most provinces |
| Coverage Type | Comprehensive medical | Emergency, hospitalization, outpatient |
| Provider Type | Any recognized insurer | International or Canadian private |
| Minimum Coverage | CAD 100,000+ recommended | Higher for families |
| Pre-existing Conditions | Varies by insurer | Waiting periods common |
| Repatriation | Recommended | Not mandatory but advisable |
Provincial Healthcare Waiting Periods
Each province manages its own healthcare system. Waiting periods vary:
- Ontario (OHIP): 3-month waiting period from date of arrival
- British Columbia (MSP): 3-month waiting period (reduced from previous wait)
- Quebec (RAMQ): 3-month waiting period for most newcomers
- Alberta (AHCIP): Coverage begins first day of third month after arrival
- Manitoba: No waiting period—coverage from day of arrival
- Saskatchewan: No waiting period for permanent residents
What Your Private Insurance Should Cover
Essential Coverage
- ✓ Emergency room visits
- ✓ Hospital stays (CAD 2,000-5,000/day)
- ✓ Physician consultations
- ✓ Prescription medications
- ✓ Diagnostic tests and imaging
- ✓ Ambulance services
- ✓ Outpatient surgery
Recommended Add-ons
- • Repatriation coverage
- • Dental emergencies
- • Vision care
- • Mental health services
- • Maternity (if applicable)
- • Pre-existing condition coverage
- • Trip interruption
Important: Provincial healthcare covers physician visits and hospital care but not everything. Prescription drugs, dental care, vision care, and physiotherapy are typically not covered. Many permanent residents maintain supplementary private insurance even after the waiting period ends.
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Recommended Insurance Providers
For the 3-month waiting period, you have two main options: international insurers offering global coverage, or Canadian insurers with visitor/newcomer plans. Your choice depends on your long-term plans and whether you'll travel outside Canada during this period.
| Provider | Type | Monthly Cost (CAD) | Best For |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cigna Global | International | $300-600 | Comprehensive coverage, worldwide network |
| Allianz Care | International | $250-500 | Flexible plans, strong Canada network |
| Manulife | Canadian | $150-350 | Local insurer, visitor coverage |
| Blue Cross | Canadian | $100-300 | Affordable, good for waiting period |
| GMS | Canadian | $80-250 | Budget option, basic coverage |
Provider Recommendations by Situation
Frequent International Travelers
If you'll travel outside Canada during the waiting period or want coverage that works worldwide, choose Cigna Global or Allianz Care. These provide seamless coverage whether you're in Toronto, visiting the US, or returning to your home country. Higher cost but maximum flexibility.
Canada-Based / Cost-Conscious
If you'll stay in Canada during the waiting period, Manulife or Blue Cross offer good coverage at lower costs. These Canadian insurers specialize in newcomer coverage and understand the healthcare system well. Blue Cross offers specific "Welcome to Canada" plans designed for new immigrants.
Families with Children
Families should prioritize comprehensive coverage including pediatric care. Cigna Global and Allianz Care offer strong family plans. For budget options, Manulife provides good family coverage. Budget CAD 400-1,000/month for a family of four during the waiting period.
Pre-existing Conditions
If you have pre-existing conditions, international insurers like Cigna Global typically offer better coverage options, though with waiting periods (usually 12-24 months). Disclose all conditions upfront. Canadian insurers may exclude pre-existing conditions entirely during the short waiting period.
Costs Breakdown
Canada's entrepreneur immigration involves government fees, professional services, and settlement costs. The Start-Up Visa is relatively affordable compared to passive investor programs, but budget for legal support and business development costs.
| Cost Item | Amount (CAD) | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| PR Application Fee | $2,140 | Principal applicant (2024 fees) |
| Biometrics Fee | $85 | Per person |
| Right of PR Fee | $575 | Paid upon approval |
| Medical Exam | $200-400 | Per person, panel physician |
| Language Test (IELTS/TEF) | $300-400 | Required for Start-Up Visa |
| Health Insurance (3 months) | $600-1,800 | During waiting period |
| Legal Fees | $5,000-25,000 | Immigration lawyer recommended |
| Business Plan (Start-Up) | $2,000-10,000 | Professional preparation |
Total Cost Estimate (Start-Up Visa)
Application Costs (Single)
- PR application fee: CAD $2,140
- Right of PR fee: CAD $575
- Biometrics: CAD $85
- Medical exam: CAD $300
- Language test: CAD $350
- Legal fees: CAD $10,000
- Business plan prep: CAD $5,000
- Total application: CAD $18,450
Settlement Costs (First Year)
- Health insurance (3 months): CAD $900
- Rental deposit + first month: CAD $4,000-8,000
- Initial furnishing: CAD $3,000-5,000
- Settlement funds (required): CAD $13,757*
- Total first year setup: CAD $20,000-30,000
*Minimum required for single applicant (2024). Family of 4: CAD $25,564
Cost of Living by City
Canada's major cities have high living costs. Monthly budget estimates for a single person:
- Toronto: CAD $3,000-5,000/month (most expensive, strong tech scene)
- Vancouver: CAD $2,800-4,500/month (high housing, West Coast lifestyle)
- Montreal: CAD $2,000-3,500/month (more affordable, bilingual)
- Calgary: CAD $2,200-3,500/month (no provincial sales tax, energy sector)
- Ottawa: CAD $2,000-3,200/month (government hub, tech growth)
Tax considerations: Canada has federal and provincial taxes. Ontario's combined top marginal rate is about 53%. However, entrepreneurs can take advantage of the Small Business Deduction (9% federal rate on first CAD $500,000 of active business income) and other business structures. Consult a Canadian tax professional.
Application Process
The Start-Up Visa process is lengthy but straightforward. The critical first step is securing a Letter of Support from a designated organization. Processing times have increased to 12-36 months, so plan accordingly.
| Step | Timeline | Where |
|---|---|---|
| Develop business concept | 1-6 months | Home country |
| Secure designated organization support | 2-12 months | Remote/Canada visits |
| Receive Letter of Support | 1-4 weeks | From designated org |
| Complete language test | 1-3 months | Testing center |
| Medical examination | 1-2 weeks | Panel physician |
| Submit PR application | 1 day | Online (IRCC) |
| Application processing | 12-36 months | Government review |
| Receive COPR | After approval | Visa office |
| Land in Canada as PR | Flexible | Port of entry |
Step-by-Step Guide (Start-Up Visa)
Develop Your Business Concept
Your business must be innovative, scalable, and able to compete globally. Designated organizations receive thousands of pitches—you need a compelling value proposition. Consider working with an accelerator or business advisor to refine your pitch.
Pitch to Designated Organizations
Apply to multiple designated venture capital funds, angel investor groups, or business incubators. Each has its own application process and focus areas. View the official IRCC list of designated organizations. Expect rejection from some—persistence is key.
Secure Letter of Support
If a designated organization agrees to support your start-up, they'll provide a Letter of Support confirming their commitment. For VC funds, this means committing CAD $200,000+; for angel groups, CAD $75,000+. Incubators provide acceptance into their program.
Complete Language Testing
Take an approved language test (IELTS for English, TEF for French) to demonstrate CLB 5 proficiency. You need minimum scores in speaking, listening, reading, and writing. Results are valid for 2 years—don't test too early.
Get Medical Examination
Complete a medical exam with an IRCC-approved panel physician. The doctor submits results directly to IRCC. Medical results are valid for 12 months. Include family members who will accompany you.
Submit Permanent Residence Application
Apply online through the IRCC portal. Submit all documents: Letter of Support, language test results, proof of settlement funds, identity documents, and police certificates. Pay the application fee (CAD $2,140) and biometrics fee.
Provide Biometrics
After submitting your application, you'll be invited to provide biometrics (fingerprints and photo) at a designated location. This must be done within 30 days of the request.
Wait for Processing
Current processing times are 12-36 months. You may receive requests for additional information. You can apply for a work permit while waiting if you want to start your business in Canada before PR is granted.
Receive COPR and Land in Canada
Upon approval, you'll receive a Confirmation of Permanent Residence (COPR). You must land in Canada before your medical exam expires (or request a new one). At the port of entry, the officer confirms your PR status and you receive your PR card by mail.
Work permit option: While your PR application is processing, you can apply for a work permit to start your business in Canada immediately. This lets you begin operations without waiting 12-36 months. The work permit is linked to your Start-Up Visa application.
Real-World Scenarios
Here's how different situations typically play out for Canada entrepreneur visa applicants:
Tech Founder from India, AI Start-Up
35 years old, software engineer background, developed AI-powered healthcare screening tool. Pitched to 8 incubators and 3 VC funds.
✓ Accepted by DMZ (Ryerson incubator) after 4 months of pitching. Letter of Support issued. PR approved in 18 months. Now operating from Toronto with 6 employees. Used Manulife insurance during 3-month OHIP wait. Became citizen 3 years after landing.
Brazilian Entrepreneur Family, E-commerce Platform
Couple (40s) with two children, previously ran successful e-commerce business in Brazil. Wanted to scale internationally.
✓ Secured CAD $200,000 commitment from angel investor group. Family of 4 approved for PR after 24 months. Relocated to Vancouver. Used Blue Cross family plan during MSP wait (CAD $850/month). Children enrolled in public school. Business now generates CAD $2M annual revenue.
UK Fintech Founder, Expanding to Canada
Already running successful fintech company in London. Wanted Canadian market access and PR for family security.
△ First attempt rejected—designated org felt business concept wasn't innovative enough (existing product). Pivoted pitch to focus on new Canadian-specific product line. Second application with different incubator successful. PR approved after 30 months total. Notes the importance of genuinely innovative concept.
Chinese Investor, Seeking Owner-Operator Route
Wealthy investor wanting to buy Canadian franchise. Not interested in building innovative start-up.
△ Start-Up Visa not suitable—requires innovative business. Applied for BC PNP Entrepreneur Stream instead. Required CAD $600,000 net worth proof, CAD $200,000 investment commitment. Work permit granted, now operating two Tim Hortons franchises. PR expected after meeting business milestones. Process took longer but suited passive investment preference.
Nigerian Healthcare Start-Up, Family Relocation
Doctor-entrepreneur with telemedicine platform. Wife and three children (ages 5, 8, 12). Seeking quality education and stability.
✓ Strong healthcare background helped secure incubator support. Family PR approved in 20 months. Moved to Toronto. International insurance with Cigna Global during wait (CAD $1,200/month family). Children thriving in Canadian schools. Platform now serves Canadian and African markets. Citizenship application pending.
First-Time Founder, Underdeveloped Concept
Recent MBA graduate with vague "social media platform" idea. Applied to multiple designated organizations with minimal business plan.
✗ Rejected by all organizations approached—concept not innovative or differentiated enough. Designated orgs receive hundreds of pitches from serious founders with proven traction. Lesson: Start-Up Visa requires genuine innovation and compelling value proposition, not just an idea. Later succeeded after developing product, gaining users, and returning with traction.
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Common Mistakes to Avoid
Underestimating Designated Organization Requirements
Designated VCs, angels, and incubators are highly selective. They receive hundreds of applications from experienced entrepreneurs with proven traction. A vague idea or business plan won't cut it. Invest time in developing a compelling, innovative concept with market validation before applying.
Skipping Insurance During the Waiting Period
Canada's healthcare waiting period (3 months in most provinces) is real. A single emergency room visit without insurance can cost thousands of dollars. A hospital stay can exceed CAD $5,000 per day. Always arrange private coverage before arriving—this is not optional.
Neglecting Language Test Preparation
CLB 5 (IELTS 5.0) is required in all four skills. Many applicants who speak English well struggle with the academic format of IELTS. Take practice tests, consider preparation courses, and allow time for retakes if needed. Don't let language testing delay your application.
Expecting Passive Investment Immigration
Canada closed its passive investor programs years ago. The Start-Up Visa and PNP streams require active business involvement. If you're looking to invest money passively and receive residence, consider Portugal, Spain, or US EB-5 instead. Canada is for entrepreneurs who want to build businesses.
Underestimating Processing Times and Costs
Start-Up Visa processing now takes 12-36 months—much longer than the "16 months" often quoted. Budget for legal fees (CAD $10,000-25,000), business plan preparation, and settlement funds. Plan finances to sustain your family during the wait, especially if not working during this period.
Healthcare in Canada
Canada's universal healthcare system (Medicare) is a major attraction for immigrants. However, understanding how it works—and its limitations—is essential for planning your move.
How Canadian Healthcare Works
Canada's healthcare is publicly funded but provincially administered. Each province runs its own health insurance plan:
- Ontario: OHIP (Ontario Health Insurance Plan)
- British Columbia: MSP (Medical Services Plan)
- Quebec: RAMQ (Régie de l'assurance maladie du Québec)
- Alberta: AHCIP (Alberta Health Care Insurance Plan)
What's Covered vs. Not Covered
Covered by Provincial Healthcare
- ✓ Doctor visits (family physician, specialists)
- ✓ Hospital stays and treatments
- ✓ Medically necessary surgeries
- ✓ Diagnostic tests ordered by doctors
- ✓ Emergency room visits
- ✓ Maternity and childbirth
- ✓ Most laboratory tests
NOT Covered (Need Supplementary)
- • Prescription medications
- • Dental care (except hospital dental surgery)
- • Vision care and eyeglasses
- • Physiotherapy and massage
- • Mental health counseling (private)
- • Ambulance fees (some provinces)
- • Private or semi-private hospital rooms
Finding a Family Doctor
One challenge for newcomers: finding a family doctor who is accepting new patients. In major cities, there can be long waits. Options include:
- Provincial registries: Most provinces have online tools to find doctors accepting patients
- Walk-in clinics: Available for non-emergency care without a family doctor
- Telehealth: Virtual care options have expanded significantly
- Community health centers: Often have shorter waits for registration
Supplementary insurance: Most Canadians with employer benefits have supplementary insurance covering prescriptions, dental, vision, and paramedical services. As a business owner, you can provide this for yourself and employees. Individual plans are available from Manulife, Sun Life, Canada Life, and others. Budget CAD $100-300/month for comprehensive supplementary coverage.
Frequently Asked Questions
Does Canada still have an investor visa?
No. Canada's Federal Investor Immigration Programme was terminated in 2014, and Quebec's Immigrant Investor Program has been suspended since 2019. The Start-Up Visa requires active entrepreneurship, not passive investment. Provincial entrepreneur streams exist but require business operation, not just investment. If you want passive investment immigration, consider Portugal, Spain, or US EB-5.
What happens if my start-up fails after I receive PR?
Your permanent residence is not conditional on business success. Once you're approved and land in Canada as a PR, your immigration status is secure regardless of whether your start-up succeeds or fails. This is a major advantage of Canada's program compared to conditional visas elsewhere. You can pivot to a different business or even take employment.
Can my family come with me on the Start-Up Visa?
Yes. Your spouse/common-law partner and dependent children under 22 can be included in your PR application. They receive the same permanent residence status. Your spouse can work for any employer in Canada—they're not restricted to your business. Children can attend public school.
How long until I can become a Canadian citizen?
Permanent residents can apply for citizenship after 3 years (1,095 days) of physical presence in Canada within the 5 years before applying. You must file taxes, meet language requirements (CLB 4 in English or French), and pass a citizenship test on Canadian history, values, and rights. Canada offers one of the fastest paths to citizenship among major immigration destinations.
Can I apply for a work permit while waiting for PR?
Yes. Start-Up Visa applicants can apply for a work permit to begin building their business in Canada while the PR application is processing. This is particularly useful given the long processing times (12-36 months). The work permit allows you to live and work in Canada, and your spouse can also receive an open work permit.
Do I need to live in a specific province after getting PR?
No. As a permanent resident, you have the right to live and work anywhere in Canada. Even if you applied through a provincial program (like BC or Ontario entrepreneur), you're not legally required to stay in that province after receiving PR. However, if you applied through a PNP, maintaining a connection to that province during the nomination period is expected.
Final Verdict
Canada's Start-Up Visa offers a unique proposition: permanent residence for entrepreneurs with innovative ideas, without requiring massive personal investment. Unlike European golden visas that grant residence for passive investment, Canada wants founders who will build businesses and create jobs. If you have a compelling concept and can secure support from a designated organization, this is one of the best entrepreneur immigration pathways in the world.
The trade-offs are real: no passive investment option exists, processing times are long (12-36 months), and you need to genuinely convince sophisticated investors or incubators that your idea is worth backing. The language requirement (CLB 5) and competitive nature of securing designated organization support mean this isn't for everyone.
For the 3-month healthcare waiting period, private insurance is essential—budget CAD $200-600/month for an individual or CAD $600-1,500/month for a family. Once you're covered by provincial healthcare, you'll have access to one of the world's best universal healthcare systems, though supplementary insurance for prescriptions and dental is advisable.
Bottom Line
Canada's Start-Up Visa is ideal for genuine entrepreneurs with innovative, scalable business concepts. It offers direct permanent residence (not conditional on success), fast citizenship (3 years), and access to a stable economy with universal healthcare. The 3-month healthcare waiting period requires private insurance—budget CAD $200-600/month. Work with an immigration lawyer experienced in Start-Up Visa applications.
